Section B: Exam Question

Q: Does your case study suggest that new and digital media has had a positive impact by offering audiences a more diverse range of values and ideologies? (48 marks)

New and Digital Media has offered both positive and negative impact to both audiences and institutions. The birth of the internet has made way for endless opportunity for a diverse range of values to be consumed, however with it, has been the decline in certain industries. The case studies I will be explaining in this essay will be the News industry as well as the Film industry, and find out truly whether or not new and digital media has had a positive or a negative impact.

One way in which the News industry shows that new and digital media has had a positive impact on audiences for a range of values and ideologies is through citizen journalism. Citizen journalism has allowed audiences to view a more authentic side of the story. This gives a more different side of how stories can be presented and subverts the typical TV news. Audiences are used to seeing professional and rather still camera shots. There is no form of emotions being expressed in traditional ways of news telling. However, citizen journalism has filled that gap in which traditional news didn't do. Citizen journalism brings forth emotion and actually makes it feel as if the audience is there experiencing the situation. Citizen journalism brings with it a range of emotion and gives audiences a perspective they just wouldn't have received from traditional media.

On the other hand, one way in which NDM has had a negative impact on offering audiences a diverse range of ideologies is the abuse of online platform. This is because users have been taking advantage of this power to convey false messages and information for others to consume, thinking that it is authentic news. The widespread of 'fake news' has formulated a concern regarding users capability to be producers as they are deemed a problem for content all over the web. People will not only receive vast range of news from various sources, but may be consuming news that is fake which will really tarnish people's trust with each other and other outlets. Andrew Keen stated 'web pages and blogs are like a million monkeys typing nonsense" which is true to a large extent. He states that users can't be trusted with the power that the internet can bestow upon them, as they will simply abuse it, like he stated 'typing nonsense'. 

Another way in which the News industry shows that new and digital media has had a positive impact on audiences for a range of values and ideologies is through the distribution and consumption of news. This is because audiences have more success of news than ever before through news from different countries, to topics that previously wouldn't have made it to their 'daily' paper. Another addition, is that news has become overwhelmingly 'free' which doesn't pose an obstacle to those who couldn't before. People can get the news where they want, and when they want which shows just how NDM has aided in helping audiences reach different cultures and experience new things.

However, a major cost to this is the decline in the news paper industry. Sites that publish news, or webpages in general are generally free to access and consume. It is the norm to have everything free on the internet, in terms of websites. BBC followed this 'norm' and delivered news on a similar basis. However, this has caused many firms to see decline in sales such as The Sun seeing 10 million copies sold to 3 million sold as of 2015, and this is due to the rising numbers in convergence technology which boost the numbers of daily readers on NDM platforms. Devices are advancing which allows it to be easier and convenient for news to be consumed on the go, ways in which traditional paper couldn't have. Papers such as The Independent have gone completely online due to the demand for news like this, and rapidly more institutions are declining. Not only is NDM having an impact on traditional institutions, but also on the quality of news as a whole. Those that break the news online, are generally stories from those who work for these 'traditional news firms' such as The Sun, and if there is a lack of money, money for such investigations and interesting stories will not make its way to the consumer, allowing for thing like corruption to continue, as Clay Shirky said "its a wonderful time to be a corrupt politician'.

De Botton's evaluation on the concept of 'hyper reality' feeds its way to the idea that 'too much news can be bad for the consumer' and at times be used as a way to manipulate them. De Botton believes that flooding information to the audience will allow them to lose track of whats happening, however be entirely focused that they are receiving such vast amount of news, without even paying attention to what it even is. Audiences are unable to distinguish what is important and what isn't due to the large flooding in information and news, thus leading to the concept of 'hyper reality'. Furthermore, although audience believe they are receiving a lot of news, is it really '100% truth'? Gatekeeping is a concept mediators tend to keep behind closed doors, giving the illusion that all news is unbiased. However, gatekeeping plays a key part in making the audience read the content in a specific way. To a Marxist this is absolutely true. Powerful people/figureheads are trying to use this platform as a means of 'dumbing down' audiences and keeping them to consume their ideologies as they cannot actively rebel against it.

Marxists would believe that the elite still control the news and that audiences just passively consume it-which is partly true in today's society. News institutions such as The Daily Mail use their content as a means to spread their political ideologies so that their readers can consume and agree with their views. This concept shows that ideologies is an illusion as audiences haven't formulated their opinions by themselves, rather them being spoon fed excessive information. Moreover, Gramsci's hegemonic theory shows that values and views are all within the sphere of normality and common sense. Institutions are trying to stop the status quo from being challenged, trying to make audiences not to challenge it and passively accept it as the 'norm'.

Globalisation is also a reason how NDM has delivered a variety of diverse material to audiences. This is because we can access any form of content and news from around the world instantly. NDM has made convenience its main focus and has made its way through every advance in technology which boosts globalisation as a whole. People have better and quicker ways of accessing the data they want through these advances. However, this has caused the death of local news. Boroughs such as 'The Ealing Gazette' have slowly faded away due to the decline in sales, as locals use the internet as their means of getting the information they want. Paper such as 'The Newcastle Chronicle' have shown how news that are insignificant is what their prime focus is on. Instead of delivering news on world problems, local news such as Newcastle are devoting time and energy in to stories that don't matter, but can at least get a paper sold. A recent paper was released about 'seagulls' showing how news as a medium has changed to significantly that important news isn't allowing for survival, but bizarre and irrelevant stories are.

In conclusion, I believe that NDM has pen doors for audiences to experience many types of news from various places, but comes at a cost. A cost in which a birth of one industry, is the cause of the destruction of another. In this case, the internet's impact on the news industry is on rising conflict. Although there are ways to tackle the decline in numbers, it is clear the NDM is the stronger path and will continue to be so, as it offers audiences to power to challenge those in power (the pluralist perspective), and follows on Murdoch's point that 'the internet has given readers much more power". 

Presentation

Mest 3: Revision Task

Section A Revision Task

Task 1: List 10 stories/debates/examples that you could use for the Identities and the Media question:

• Sexting education for the youth- shows how naive the youth are, presenting them defenceless and in need of education. Furthermore, it shows the negative aspects of what the youth do now days in comparison to the youth before.  
• Society questions the governments authority over there privacy- this shows a different aspect of identity. Rather it being the people/society the side is focused on those in power and their identity. This can bring forth a different aspect when it comes to shaping identity as well as how the media has generated a new way to show identity from those at the top too rather it being 'just' the citizens being questioned.
• Journalists win 'ending violence against women'- women in the media industry are getting noticed for their commitment and the angle is on the women rather than being predominately focused on men. Women are receiving the recognition for their work and shapes a new identity in the media to all viewers. 
• Sky News Feminist Interview- this shows how the media can essentially give out un-wanted information which can harm dozens of people. The sky interviewee essentially said a feminist joke which in tern could make people support his point as it was still being shot in air which can show the negative aspect of identities in the media as it could be seen as a way to spread negativity. 
• Your presence on social media- people are essentially using the media (mainly social media) as a way to construct their own identities as present themselves different compared to the outside world. This can make for some serious debates regarding the media allowing people to portray a false image of themselves and their lifestyles.
• Black lives matter campaign- this campaign sparked world interest and concern through the use of media. People took to social media to spread the word, and the media also showed how the campaigners where trying their best to gain justice for those who have been wronged by the police force.
• Gender inequality- be it jobs and lifestyle, women seem to be receiving lower end of the opportunity as well as the equality. Many articles and concerns have made their way in to the media to spread the concern for gender inequality amongst women and transgenders. Roles for such people either get ignored, or threatened and the media helps to generate awareness of such concern.
• Laura Bates and feminism campaign- using the internet to connect thousands of women across the world to share their stories about their sexual abuse shows how Bates used the power of the internet to allow these women to regain their identity by expressing their opinions. 
• Jean Kilbourne: Killing us softly- Kilbourne's documentary shows how the media has publicised fake women and that time for change is needed. Women in media are altered to look more appealing which in tern creates female concerns towards their own appearance. 
• Migrant crisis- the war in various countries has concluded in thousands of refugees fleeing their home countries in hope of peace. However, the media has generated their identity that the west are invading the country and people of those countries are retaliating which thus resulted in Brexit. 

Task 2: List 10 stories/debates/examples that you could use for the New/Digital Media question:

• Snapchat TV- this is considered one of the new and up-to-date ways of reaching out to the youth and sharing news intel. Snapchat TV has reinvigorated a way to start a trend to deliver news on sport on a social media app to the users, this can change the future of how news is delivered (i.e platform).

• Windscreen Smashing Video- citizen journalism acts to ensure those get justice from both sides. This is one of many video recordings on police brutality which wouldn't of been a concern if it wasn't for the internet and mobiles having the ability to record videos as evidence. 
• $1 Million to be invested into YouTube's Creators Platform- TV is slowly on the decline and digital platforms such as YouTube are taking its place. YouTuber's have more of a voice than celebs on TV and has equal power like big name celebrities. This platform is being invested in to deeply to ensure its long rivalry as well as to ensure that the future of entertainment stays in tact.  
• Mobile Changing The Way We Shop?- retail stores on the high street are closing down due to the rise in internet based shopping. The convenience is what really drives this platform. Everything from a laptop to the phone, shopping has been made quicker and efficient with billions of purchases being made yearly. 
• Reinstagram or Finstagram?
• Kim Kardashian Gun Point article- due to her online portrayal, Kim Kardashian was held at gun point in Paris due to her 'rich lifestyle' thinking they would make a lot of money with her assets. This shows how online can make way for people to be in danger without even knowing it. 
• All online news paper sites MUST have a paywall to ensure good quality news- news sites are typically giving news away for free. Sites such as the BBC are delivering news on a daily basis and constantly update their site to keep viewers updated. However, it is being argued that online news is taking away one major thing; quality of news papers and with a paywall behind all news sites, quality will be restored. 
• Fake news moral panic- in spark of the elections, the idea of delivering false/fake news had taken everyone by surprise. Bizarre stories have been floating around the internet trying to get people to act and vote in a certain way. The trend was heavily adopted by thousands of people around the world where essentially news as a concept was not being consumed as the public didn't know who to trust. 
• Piracy and its effects- the internet has brought about a new way of receiving content for free. This is with the aid of public file sharing which allows content (that should be available behind a price tag) is surfacing the web for free for people to download i.e films, video games etc. Furthermore, this costs industries a lot of money as they are making a loss on potential buy outs of their product. 
• The internet and its opportunities- the internet has allowed for a lot of new business to take place (like an entirely different market) as well as showing both consumers and producers the way for future content. 

Mest 3 PPE

PPE Learner Response

1) Did you succeed in meeting or exceeding your target grade for A2 Media? If not, how many additional marks do you need across Section A and Section B to achieve your target grade?

• I was 8 marks away from my target grade (in total)

2) Read through the mark scheme. Pay particular attention to pages 6-8 that have suggested content for each of the questions in Section A. How many of these potential points did you make? Did you successfully answer the questions? The original question paper is here if that is helpful.

I made references to voice-over/dialogue as well as the use of hand held camera. I managed to show how each point works and how it communicates to the audience, however an alternative suggestion to the point could allow for more discussion. Critical autonomy also lacks its way in the essay. Most of my points just share my opinion, but not me engaging myself and providing a justification for my answers. 

3) Which was your strongest question in Section A? Why did you do better in that particular question? Note the number of marks each question is worth.

QUESTION 3: was my strongest question. I used a wider range of examples from multiple sources including references from my new and digital media news stories. In depth and straight to the point answers is what needs to be done in order to push this number up.

4) Which was your weakest question in Section A? Again, try and identify why this happened. Did you misinterpret the question? Did you run out of time? 

QUESTION 2: was my weakest question. Not much statistics was used when making my points. I made points but didn't answer them fully to the extent that I was fully answering the question. I needed more of a detailed analysis in order to get both a good grasp if the question as well as, explaining it in the correct way.

5) Now look at pages 11-12 of the mark scheme for Section B - New/Digital Media paying particular attention to the suggested essay content on page 12. How many of the broad areas suggested by AQA did you cover in your Section B essay? Did you successfully answer the question?

Yes, I did successfully answer the question. I didn't go off topic where it was to do with audiences, and I stuck (for the most part) on the effects on traditional media. I also, made references to my case study and how new and digital media has affected it. 

6) Choose your weakest question in Section A and re-write an answer in full based on the suggested content from the Examiner's Report. This answer needs to be comprehensive and meet the criteria for Level 4 of the mark scheme. This will be somewhere between 3-6 well-developed paragraphs (depending on the question/number of marks available).

Chosen question: Q2

One way in which media products encourage audiences to agree with certain set of values and beliefs is through the repetition of questioning the audiences self value. This is apparent in the Redrow Homes advert where the dialogue for example, "the need to be different" or "to stay true to what you believe". These lines of from the voice-over help to generate a sense of self-realisation within the audience. It tries to stimulate the audience in to thinking that they need to question their own lives and way of living; falling in to the fantasy world that the advert is 'trying' to deliver upon. The advert creates the illusion that the lifestyle presented on screen could be theirs, and this is partly due to the persuasive voice-over acting as a form of manipulation/temptation. 

Another way in which the media products encourage audiences to agree with certain set of values and beliefs is through the presentation of facts rather than opinion. This is particularly apparent in Russel Brand's 'Trews' show where it presents the audience with articles like 'The Mirror- devastated facilities face eviction" as well as actual interviews from people who are suffering because of this situation. The reason why anecdotes and factual information encourage audiences to agree with certain values is because it can be a reflection of their life in which they can sympathise with. The psychopathic audience who is watching this video may have suffered through a similar issue, or are surrounded by it in the community. Therefore, by providing actual information will cause the viewer to agree with the values being set on screen as they have either experienced it, or can relate to similar situations. 

Finally, another way in which media products encourage audiences to agree with a certain set of values and beliefs is through dumbing down audiences. This is apparent with the news paper industry where (to a Marxist perspective) those in power and trying to inflict their own ideologies and values in to the content they produce, so that their views are consumed by millions of passive viewers. The reason why this is considered 'dumbing down' audiences is because, consumers are passively consuming content which contain certain values and beliefs and act as a way to adopt them. Audiences will consume this information and won't challenge it as they are passively consuming it. Active readers on the other hand (the pluralists) will challenge authority and raise awareness of the matter. 

In conclusion, I believe it is evident that media products do encourage audience to agree with certain values and beliefs to a large extent. This is due to the large number and effort put in to mediation of media products. Nothing in the media is 'pure' and has been mediated in some form, to give off a certain angle son that a certain viewpoint can be taken in. This is what is meant by 'encouraging audiences to agree with certain values' as mediated content helps to stimulate that way of thinking 

Independent case study: New/Digital Media

Independent Case Study

The basics

Your chosen industry:

• Film Industry

Your chosen case study (i.e. text/institution etc.):

• Warner Bros

Have you received approval for this case study from your teacher? Yes/No

• Yes

Research and answer the following tasks on your MEST3 exam blog:

Audience

1) How has new and digital media changed the audience experience in your chosen industry?

It has opened doors for a more variety of content to be viewed by viewers. The internet and even Sky Box's have allowed for more greater proportion of content to be viewed as more films and programmes are at their finger tips than ever before.

2) Has new and digital media changed the way the audience consume your chosen product?

Yes. It has allowed for content that predominately have an upfront cost, however has been streamed or uploaded on the internet via piracy. It has allowed for more people to use the internet as means of gaining access to content that should be paid for.

3) Has the size of the audience changed as a result of new and digital media?

There have been fewer audiences going to the theatres to watch movies as they know that it will be released on pirated websites. This in turn will result in fewer box office revenue as less audience members will come to see the film during its release.

4) What are the positive changes new and digital media have brought to the audience of your case study? (E.g. greater choice, easier access etc.)

There is greater choice of content that ranges from different age classifications and genres. For example, Sky Box has allowed over 1000+ channels to be aired on their device, giving the audience member unlimited access to so much content rather than the standard 5 channels that TV had back in the days.

5) What are the negative changes new and digital media have had on your chosen audience? (E.g. quality of product etc.)

The quality of the product remains the same, however it is rather the income made from the products after release that are the problem. The idea of pirate websites and shareable sites acts as a major harm to the industry as individuals can share files that are usually meant to be paid for, and sharing it on a global scale for free. This in turn, leaves the institution to make no money at all as they are not receiving any money from the actual source that the content in available on ie, DVD's.

6) What about audience pleasures - have these changed as a result of new and digital media? 

People are enjoying the fact that they don't have to spend a penny on watching a film by purchasing a film ticket. Moreover, it is to their convenience as they don't need to travel to the cinemas, or even book tickets as they can watch all they want on their computers which provides endless files and entertainment with just a click of a button.

7) What is the target audience for your chosen case study? Write a demographic/psychographic profile.

Warner Bro's have been making films for a long time, and have developed a lot of loyal customers. Due to the long establishment of this brand, it has clearly developed many fans that are of an older demographic. The demographic would tend to be a 50/50 gender split as Warner Bro's make films for both genders as well as being attracted by many people from different age groups. Warner Bro's own the rights to DC comics films, which mean that they have a demographic of teenagers from 13-40's+ as well as creating historical films which is largely to be associated with older generation who appreciate sophisticated style of film.

Institution

1) How has new and digital media had an impact on ownership or control in your chosen industry?

The fact that films and content is being given away without any money being given to the institution shows how control of the industry is at a minimal. The internet is such a vast platform that when a site gets shut down, there will be duplicates replacing them. For example, when Kickass Torrents was shit down, mirror sites was published to continue to workflow and use of their site to the users. Furthermore, the one upside is, is that such sites don't really care about who's content it is, they don't delete their brand name from their content. Therefore, Warner Bro's will still get the recognition for their content.

2) What impact has new and digital media had on ownership in your chosen case study?

Although the content is under the name of the brand who has produced the content, the ownership of that content is lost. This is because once the content gets released for free, the institution will find it very difficult to get rid of all of these 'pirated' videos. Furthermore, people tend to spoil the film by recording major scenes within the film and posting them on YouTube, for example Vader's end scene in Rogue One, where Disney had to take action and create an algorithm to banned any content that would spoil the movie. This shows that institutions do have authority to some degree as they are working to get their content and rights back from those who have taken it without consultation, however it is not enough to completely stop it as once a file is on the internet, it cannot be deleted completely due to the digital footprint that it leaves.

3) How has new and digital media changed the way institutions produce texts?

Before a film is played in theatres, there will be a warning screen where it will state that 'CCTV is in operation' which shows how much security for these types of things are. Even the DVD version of the film will also have a warning display stating that the film cannot be copied on to a separate disk. So, although new and digital technology has created problems for these institutions, it has also opened up doors for them to challenge those who take away their content by publicising their punishment in doing so, for example the CCTV method.

4) How has new and digital media changed the way institutions distribute their product?

Due to the on going trend of streaming a film rather than buying a hard copy of it, institutions have decided to partner with TV providers such as Virgin Media and Sky, to create a 'pre-order' option for when a film will be released after cinemas. This shows how institutions are taking advantage of the modern trend of streaming content and shows how the distribution methods have opened.

5) How might new and digital media threaten your chosen industry?

The internet's ability to share content with one another has essentially given way to content that should be paid for, go for free. This negatively affects the industry and no revenue will be returned to them as people are viewing content that they should be paying for.

UGC

1) What examples of user-generated content can you find in your case study?

Film festivals are something that embraces user generated content for this industry. It allows people from different backgrounds and ages to create their own films.

2) How has UGC changed things for audiences or institutions in your chosen case study?

People can now ex;press their creativity which opens doors to wider content being generated as fan theories and ideas can make their ways in to movies. Moreover, short films that people make can tend to become a fully fledged film with a high budget for example, Wiplash

Marxism & Pluralism

1) What would be a Marxist perspective of the impact of new and digital media on your chosen case study?

A Marxist would believe that the institutions such as Warner Bro's are trying to produce content they know audience want to consume, rather than actually viewing it from an audience perspective. In addition, people would also argue the favour of white male workers being more in the industry than other ethnicity.

2) How would a pluralist view the impact of new and digital media in your chosen industry?

A pluralist would believe that people have the right to view content that are of great value to them and shouldn't have a price tag on them.

Globalisation

1) How has globalisation impacted on your chosen industry or case study?

Being able to show highly technical and professional films to the world has sparked many interest in people who aspire to do the same. Especially eastern countries, where films aren't made to a professional standard, and Hollywood can help deliver that gap in the market, to provide high quality entertainment.

2) In your opinion, has globalisation had a positive or negative impact on your chosen industry and case study? Why?

Globalisation has created more of a good impact to the industry, and this has allowed the industry to grow rapidly by gaining the interests of millions of viewers around the world. By generating fans, this creates certainty to the industry of potential customers who are willing to purchase tickets on the day of release of a highly anticipated film. Globalisation is so important, that the premiere of a film isn't just done in the States, but in other countries such as Chine etc. 

3) Can you find examples of cultural imperialism in your case study or industry? (The 'Americanisation' of the world)

Films such as American sniper patronise America's dominance and presents them as heroes of the narrative. Many of their films take place in the country, which glamorise their country to gain more attraction and more interest from viewers. In addition, culture and values that are expressed through films are also mimicked in real life where viewers want to adopt the lifestyle presented before them.

Social media

1) How has your industry or case study used social media to promote its products?

• Social media networks such as Facebook and Instagram have heavily been used as a way for institutions to promote their products. This is because advertisement will make its way to people who share a similar interest in that type of movie (kind of lie cookies), and are more likely to go watch the film. Furthermore, the cast members who are on social media, post set photos as well as promote the film themselves which is even more powerful than the institution doing it. 

2) Provide examples of how your case study has used social media and explain the impact this would have on audiences.

• Examples include, a never before seen scene from the movie- generally used to generate 'hype' and excitement
• A famous tactic used is that once the user sees the advert, it will begin to play without the user clicking on it, this will essentially alert the user to go and see the video playing and possibly be interested in viewing it in the cinemas. 

3) Is social media an opportunity or a threat to your industry and case study?

• Advertisement is more of an opportunity to my chosen industry because it allows wider audience base to be reached as well as promote the product in a unique and vast way. Using websites, or competitions are all things that social media can help create a strong fan base and audience viewership/loyal customers. 

Statistics

1) What statistics can you find to illustrate the impact new and digital media has had on your industry or case study? 

• Netflix makes $200 million a year off streaming service ONLY
• Online piracy costs the US $200 billion a year

2) Looking at these statistics, what impact has new/digital media had on institutions in your chosen industry? 

It clearly shows how the new and digital media platform has created a new way for films and entertainment to be consumed via stream. However, the next point shows how much money is lost from the American economy from piracy alone. $200 billion is lost due to piracy of any form of content and this shows how detrimental such act is to both the industry and the country.

3) What has the impact been for audiences? These may be positive and negative.

Netflix has taken advantage of this trend and has officially and fully become the new form of TV consumption. People tend to watch videos on the go which is what Netflix provides. On the other hand, people having the ability to view content for free without having to pay for it will give them a positive feeling because they 'save' money as well as being entertained.

Theories

1) What media theories can you apply to your chosen industry and case study? Select THREE media theories and explain how they are relevant to your case study. Note: these can be ANY of the theories we have learned over the whole of Year 12 and 13.

• Regulation

Issues/debates

1) What media issues and debates can you apply to your chosen industry and case study? Select THREE media issues/debates and explain how they are relevant to your case study.

• White washing
• Female actresses pay
• Piracy

Wider examples and secondary texts

1) What other texts or institutions are also relevant to your case study? What would be good secondary texts or examples to use to support the findings of your independent case study?

• Music industry
• Gaming industry

NDM: Trump ally Peter Thiel risks political backlash, says Gawker founder

Trump ally Peter Thiel risks political backlash, says Gawker founder

Link: https://www.theguardian.com/culture/2017/mar/12/nick-denton-peter-thiel-gawker-press-freedom

Summary:

Peter has faced much criticism as he was declared bankrupt after trying to fund a case against Hulk Hogan due to some leakage of content. He has been criticised with his links and aid he has been given from Trump who is a controversial figure in the media right now.  

Statistics:

• Thiel alone possesses a comparable market cap to that of the New York Times, with a net worth estimated to be $2.7bn
• while the New York Times’ current market capitalization is $2.35bn
• Gawker’s legal costs were running at about $1m a month

Own view:

I believe that the internet has been used quit frequently to dig in to people's private lives and figure out what kind of person they are. People looking at Peter's back history etc, is all with the aid of the internet, and is been used as a core platform when stirring up this controversy.

NDM: Jack Monroe wins Twitter libel case against Katie Hopkins

Jack Monroe wins Twitter libel case against Katie Hopkins

Link: https://www.theguardian.com/media/2017/mar/10/jack-monroe-wins-twitter-libel-case-against-katie-hopkins

Summary:

Jack Monroe is filling a case against the Daily Mail communist Katie Hopkins due to her constant abuse online via Twitter tweets etc. 

Statistics:

• £24,000 damages, in a row over tweets suggesting Monroe approved of defacing a war memorial during an anti-austerity demonstration in Whitehall.
• Hopkins’ side has been ordered to make an interim payment of £107,000 within 28 days

Own view:

I believe it is quite clear how the online world and platform has been abused for many people in society, even those in higher power are using online resources for their own gain, to destroy their rivals through the views and viral talks they get. Online seems to be more of a platform to harm one another than actually bring forth togetherness within the community/society.